DNA replicates before cell division, duplicating chromosomes. This occurs during S stage of interphase! Now each chromosome has two identical double helical models.
The major result of the inflammatory response is to infection or injury. Tissue level , inflammation is characterized by redness , swelling and itching which result from local immune , vascular and inflammatory cell responses .
Pathogen such as viruses, bacteria or fungi can causes of inflammation. External injuries like scrapes or damage through foreign objects effects of chemicals or radiation.The first and the earliest symptom of inflammation is silent phase which based on reaction of resident cells of the damaged tissue.
There are three main stages of inflammation which can vary from intensity or duration. such as Acute- swelling stage, sub acute- regenerative stage , regenerative stage, chronic- scar tissue maturation and remodeling stage.
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Entropy means that system naturally progress from order to disorder. Entropy measures the level of this disorder or messiness. We can measure increase or decrease of entropy, for example by answering the question 'How a human being can avoid decay?' or by being concentrated on WHY the system is more organized and why it tends to grow.
Answer:
A comparison of the three different forms of double-stranded DNA reveals that <u>Z-DNA</u> has the largest pitch per turn of the helix, whereas <u>A-DNA</u> has the widest diameter.
