Vanilla, saffron, patchouli. For centuries, spices and flavorings like these have come from exotic plants growing in remote places like the jungles of Mexico or the terraced hillsides of Madagascar. Some were highly prized along ancient trading routes like the Silk Road.
Now a powerful form of genetic engineering could revolutionize the production of some of the most sought-after flavors and fragrances. Rather than being extracted from plants, they are being made by genetically modified yeast or other micro-organisms cultured in huge industrial vats.
X is the dominant allele / curly hair , females have two X chromosomes and males have an X and Y
Usually microorganisms help keep the nutrients in the soil cycling allowing for nutrients to be distributed all over. But they do what they can unless the disease is damaging to the soil itself therefore damaging the microorganisms working to keep the plant functioning.
A smaller person would have a lower metabolism rate than a taller person.
Insertion
Genetic stability maintenance requires an extremely accurate mechanism for DNA replication and mechanisms for fixing the several accidental lesions that occur continually in DNA. Spontaneous changes in DNA are temporary due to immediate correction process called DNA repair. DNA repair’s importance is very evident from the huge investment that cells form in DNA repair enzymes. In 1000 accidental base changes in DNA , fewer than one results in a permanent mutation due to the efficient elimination by the DNA repair.<span> </span>
