The figure below is compared of eight circles, seven small circles and one large circle containing them all . Neighboring circle
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First lets see the pythagorean identities
So if we have to solve for sin theta , first we move cos theta to left side and then take square root to both sides, that is
Now we need to check the sign of sin theta
First we have to remember the sign of sin, cos , tan in the quadrants. In first quadrant , all are positive. In second quadrant, only sin and cosine are positive. In third quadrant , only tan and cot are positive and in the last quadrant , only cos and sec are positive.
So if theta is in second quadrant, then we have to positive sign but if theta is in third or fourth quadrant, then we have to use negative sign .
to get the slope of any straight line, we can simply use two points off of it, hmmm say let's use here (2,8) and (4,4)