Solution :
Red is dominant over the white leaves and pointed is dominant over smooth.
Red = R , white = r
Pointed = P , smooth = p
Red, pointed x white,smooth ------ Parents
RRPP rrpp
RP rp ----------------- Gametes
RrPp -------- 
(red, pointed)
When this is test crossed,
RrPp x rrpp ---- test cross
Gametes → rp
RP ---------- RrPp - red, pointed - 36 parental type
Rp ---------- Rprp - red, smooth - 14 re- combination
rP ----------- rrPp - white pointed - 10 re- combination
rp ----------- rrpp - white, smooth - 40 - parental type
Total = 100
As this ratio is deviating from 1:1:1:1, it indicated the two genes are linked.
Linkage strength = percentage of crossing over = map distance between the genes.
Percentage crossing = recombination frequency = percentage of recombination.
Recombination frequency 
= 24 %
= 24 map units
Answer:
Explanation:
The source of the energy required to regenerate ATP is the chemical energy stored in food (e.g. glucose). The cellular process of releasing energy from food through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions is called respiration . Some of the energy released is used to produce ATP.
Answer:
Each organ system performs specific functions for the body, and each organ system is typically studied independently. However, the organ systems also work together to help the body maintain homeostasis.
For example, the cardiovascular, urinary, and lymphatic systems all help the body control water balance. The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems transport fluids throughout the body and help sense both solute and water levels and regulate pressure. If the water level gets too high, the urinary system produces more dilute urine (urine with a higher water content) to help eliminate the excess water. If the water level gets too low, more concentrated urine is produced so that water is conserved. The digestive system also plays a role with variable water absorption. Water can be lost through the integumentary and respiratory systems, but that loss is not directly involved in maintaining body fluids and is usually associated with other homeostatic mechanisms.
Similarly, the cardiovascular, integumentary, respiratory, and muscular systems work together to help the body maintain a stable internal temperature. If body temperature rises, blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the skin’s surface. This allows heat to dissipate through the skin and into the surrounding air. The skin may also produce sweat if the body gets too hot; when the sweat evaporates, it helps to cool the body. Rapid breathing can also help the body eliminate excess heat. Together, these responses to increased body temperature explain why you sweat, pant, and become red in the face when you exercise hard. (Heavy breathing during exercise is also one way the body gets more oxygen to your muscles, and gets rid of the extra carbon dioxide produced by the muscles.)
