Extraction, homogenization, and centrifugation are the three processes in cell fractionation.
Cell fractionation is a method for dividing cellular components while yet maintaining each component's unique functionality. This technique was initially applied to show where distinct biochemical activities are located within cells. Subcellular fractionation is also used to help with illness detection and to offer an enhanced source of protein for further purification. To prevent osmotic damage, tissue is routinely homogenized in an isotonic buffer solution. Grinding, mincing, chopping, pressure changes, osmotic shock, freeze-thawing, and ultrasonic waves are a few of the mechanisms for homogenization. After that, the samples are maintained cool to avoid enzymatic deterioration. It is the development of a uniform mass of cells (cell homogenate or cell suspension).
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That will be c) the third one
Reinforcement and support
parenchyma, in plants, tissue typically composed of living cells that are thin-walled, unspecialized in structure, and therefore adaptable, with differentiation, to various functions. The cells are found in many places throughout plant bodies and, given that they are alive, are actively involved in photosynthesis, secretion, food storage, and other activities of plant life. Parenchyma is one of the three main types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants, together with sclerenchyma (dead support tissues with thick walls) and collenchyma (living support tissues with irregular walls).