Answer:
A lobbyist is a professional whose job is to make contacts with influential people in Washington (or whatever government) and make a case on behalf of a client. They're regulated under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995. If you're spending most of your time chatting with Congressmen, then you need to file forms saying who you're talking to and on whose behalf. These forms are filed with the clerks in the House and the Senate.
While a Political Action Committee (PAC) is a group of people with some kind of interest. They collect money and spend it to promote that interest. They have to file forms, with the Federal Election Commission rather than with the legislative branch, though unlike the lobbyists they have ways to not disclose who's giving them money. They can hold public meetings, buy TV advertising, donate money to causes, give money to candidates (a small amount- about $5k to candidates and $15k to parties), and hire lobbyists.
Generally, when a PAC hires a lobbyist, the lobbyist is the one to go to the legislator and make the case on behalf of the PAC. They may also bring the PAC's own team to make the presentation, but they need to be very careful about crossing the (byzantine) set of rules trying to keep the ethical lines clear-ish. Conceivably, they could have lobbyists on staff, but it exposes the entire organization to levels of disclosure that they'd generally rather not have. Thus, the usual plan is for a PAC to hire an established lobbying firm, who is already registered and prepared to handle the paperwork.
Explanation:
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The Fourteenth Amendment prevents states from denying citizens equal protection of the laws.
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What is the Fourteenth Amendment?</h3>
- The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was ratified as one of the Reconstruction Amendments on July 9, 1868.
- It was proposed in response to issues concerning former slaves following the American Civil War and is widely regarded as one of the most consequential amendments.
- It addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law.
- The amendment was fiercely contested, especially by the defeated Confederacy's states, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress.
- The first section of the amendment, in particular, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, serving as the foundation for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954) regarding racial segregation, Roe v. Wade (1973) regarding abortion (overturned in 2022), Bush v. Gore (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage.
- The amendment restricts the actions of all state and local officials, as well as those acting on their behalf.
Therefore, the Fourteenth Amendment prevents states from denying citizens equal protection of the laws.
Know more about the Fourteenth Amendment here:
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The Shore Establishment is composed of 17 naval commanders, bureaus, officers and centers. The centers recruit, organize, train, equip and suppport the Navy Operating Forces. They all report to the Chief of Naval Operations and provide, train, and equip naval forces.
For the first 12 months after you are licensed, you CANNOT drive between 11 p.m. & 5 a.m. , & you CANNOT transport passengers under 20 years old unless accompanied by a california licensed parent or guardian.
