Concentrated ownership of land by minority elite
<span>The share of people in the labor force involved in agricultural work has not only declined, it has declined dramatically over the last century. Although agricultural employment had already been in gradual decline from its peak, the widespread introduction of the mechanized tractor and combine in the 1920s caused a sharp decline which has continued, though at a slower pace, to this day. Currently about 2% of the workforce is engaged in agricultural production, down from 50% a century and a half ago.</span>
Earliest human migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of Homo erectus. This was followed by the migrations of other pre-modern humans including H. heidelbergensis, the likely ancestor of both modern humans and Neanderthals. Finally, Homo sapiens ventured out of Africa around 100,000 years ago, spread across Asia around 60,000 years ago and arrived on new continents and islands since then.
Knowledge of early human migrations, a major topic of archeology, has been achieved by the study of human fossils, occasionally by stone-age artifacts and more recently has been assisted by archaeogenetics. Cultural and ethnic migrations are estimated by combining archaeogenetics and comparative linguistics.
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A democracy or Granting citizens the right to participate in government through the voting process
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