Answer: Fluorescence microscopy
Explanation:
A protein is substance that is the essential constituent of living cells because it forms part of its structure. T<u>hey are also found in plasma membrane</u>, where they assist substances to cross the membrane. Proteins can be:
- <u>Integral</u>: permanently attached within the plasma membrane.
- <u>Transmembrane</u>: it spans the entirety of the cell membrane.
- <u>Peripheral</u>: are only temporarily associated to the membrane.
Some integral proteins can act as cellular receptors. Other proteins are responsible for cell adhesion (binding of a cell to another cell or to a surface). On the outside of the cell membranes, attached to other proteins, are the carbohydrate chains that act as labels identifying the type of cell.
<u>A heterokaryon is a multinucleate cell and in this experiment the scientists fuse a human cell and a mouse cell, each of them will have their own proteins.</u> At first, the human and mouse proteins where found in separated halves of this heterokaryon. But <u>after a while, those proteins where mixed and could no longer be identified</u>.
A fluorescent chemical called a fluorophore is able to be absorb light of specific wavelengths and then emit light of longer wavelengths. The proteins can be modified and marked with different colored fluorophores to detect them, even if they are mixed in the heterokaryon. <u>Then, they can be seen with a Fluorescence microscopy, to identify them through different colors</u>.
<span>Attached to each sugar ring is a </span>nucleotide base<span>, one of the four bases </span>Adenine<span> (A), </span>Guanine<span> (G), </span>Cytosine<span> (C), and </span>Thymine<span> (T). The first two (A, G) are examples of a </span>purine<span> which contains a six atom ring and five atom ring sharing two atoms. The second two (C, T) are examples of a </span>pyrimidine<span> which is composed of a single six atom ring. A </span>base pair<span> is one of the pairs A-T or C-G. Notice that each base pair consists of a purine and a pyrimidine. The nucleotides in a base pair are </span>complementary<span> which means their shape allows them to bond together with </span>hydrogen bonds<span>. The A-T pair forms two hydrogen bonds. The C-G pair forms three. The hydrogen bonding between complementary bases holds the two strands of DNA together. Hydrogen bonds are not chemical bonds. They can be easily disrupted. This permits the DNA strands to separate for </span>transcription<span> (copying DNA to RNA) and </span>replication<span> (copying DNA to DNA). In our simple model, the entire base pair structure is represented by the single blue rod. Various more elaborate models can be constructed to represent base pairs, including the one above which shows individual atoms and bonds.</span>
The amount of water in the blood
