Answer: b
Explanation: The federal governments main goal to help westward expansion was the homestead act and the construction of the transcontinental railroad.
The holy roman emperor (Henry IV) wanted to make the church independent from secular rulers so he banned the practice of Lay Investiture. The pope (Gregory VII) excommunicated him and went to find a new emperor when Henry IV confessed to him he was a sinner and Gregory forgave him. But Henry was so butt hurt about it that he sent to roman military to kill the pope.
:)
C. Peddlers who traveled as a group to the same area to sell merchandise together rather than compete with each other. hope this helps
