Answer:
Explanation:
What is Ozone? Ozone is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms (O3). It occurs naturally in small (trace) amounts in the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere). Ozone protects life on Earth from the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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Hey Bonny959!
Terminal Velocity is reached when the drag force and buoyancy equal the force of gravity on a falling object!
Hope this helps!
Protein kinases are located on the plasma membrane as integral or peripheral membrane protein so that they can more readily encounter and phosphorylate other membranes proteins.
These protein are embedded in the phospholipid layer to perform the function of plasma membrane that mainly include the selective transport of molecules and cell - cell recognition.
The plasma membrane perform the function to provide protection for cell. It differentiate between the outside and inside of the cell.
Phospholipid is the lipid membrane that usually consist of lipid bilayers. It act as barrier to protect the cell against environmental issues.
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Answer is: A nasogastric tube
A nasogastric (NG) tube is used for gastric intubation via the nasal passage, this is a common procedure that provides access to the stomach for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
