The extra line should be VIRTUE
Answer:Theory X manager
Explanation:The concept of Theory X and Theory Y was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor. According to this concept Theory X manager does not believe that their employees are capable , they only see their employees as individuals who are not intelligent enough , who doesn't like to work , who are not ambitious and who can't be trusted to take on responsibilities alone but who need to be monitored all the time.
They believe people are just working to earn money not because they are motivated to work. This is a manager who will use rewards and punishments as a form of motivation.
<span>This is something of a trick question - there is no specific term of rule for a monarch - they simply rule for as long as they possibly can unless a heir takes over (this could be due to abdication due to illness or old age, or simply their death).</span>