The Great Schism of 1378 split the center of the papacy between east and west.
The schism of 1378 is also sometimes known as the Western Schism. There were competing popes claiming the authority of that office and the allegiance of Catholics in Europe. The schism began in the years that followed the Avignon period of the papacy, when the papal headquarters had been moved from Rome to the borders of France.
The Great Schism of 1054 included theological issues, but was also a power struggle in the church that led to mutual declarations of excommunication between the pope in Rome and the patriarch of Constantinople. It split the western church (the Roman Catholic Church) from what has become known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. "Catholic" means universal -- the Roman pope was intent on asserting his leadership over all of Christendom. "Orthodox" means "right teaching." The Eastern patriarch and church were asserting their teachings to be right over against positions held in the West. There were a number of doctrinal issues debated hotly between East and West over the centuries leading up to the split in 1054. But more than anything, that split too came down to "church power" -- who held control over the church.
What gave them an advantage is economic prosperity due to rich soil and development of plantations based on slave labor. Many profit was accumulated from crops (tobacco) and also cotton. Later on in the 1800s when Eli Whitney created the cotton gin it created a boom in the slave industry and increased largely by 71%. After that the tool allowed mass production in textile industries.
The southern colony that is the first colonial representative body and depended on exporting tobacco as their source of income is : B. Virginia
In the past, tobacco has been colonial viriginia's most successful cash crop and was one of the most prominent colonies of all
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Whether these colonies were established by the British, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish or any others, political systems changed because American colonies began to declare independence from their European leaders.
Answer:
A. Serbia,
Why: It achieved independence in 1867.
