The idea most likely come from superstitious belief. Superstitious belief refers to a widely held but irrational belief in supernatural influences which lead to either good or bad outcome. Some superstitions originated from traditions, stories, folklore, myth, legends, etc. The belief that whistling on board brings bad luck is one of the sailors' superstitions.
Answer: D. Autotrophs produce organic molecules
During photosyntheis, plants make sugar(an organic molecule and a type of carbohydrate). Photosynthesis occurs in autotrophs only, the organisms which are able to make their food like plants. Plants take air and water and produces glucose in presence of sunlight( a photochemical reaction). The product of the reaction is glucose which is one of the four types of organic molecule which is use by plants to make cells and their parts and growth.
Heterotrophs are the organisms which cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for nutrients. Hence option 1 and 2 cannot be the part of answer. While the plants consume inorganic nutrients(decayed matter) from soil.
Symbiotic Relationships :
A long term relationship between two biotic factors, where at least one benefits
Mutualism= symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit (+,+) o Example- rhino & woodpecker (rhino gets rid of parasites and bird gets food)
Parasitism = symbiotic relationship where one benefits and the other is harmed, but not typically to the point of death (+,-) o Example- tapeworm in an animal, tick or flea on a dog (parasite benefits at the expense of the host)
Commensalism = symbiotic relationship where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed (+, 0) o Example- barnacles on a scallop (barnacles get a habitat/place to attach while the scallop is not hurt or helped by their presence).
Symbiotic Relationships:
In symbiosis, two or more species live together in a close, long term association. Symbiotic relationships can be beneficial to both organisms or may benefit one organism and leave the other harmed or unaffected. Parasitism is one type of symbiotic relationship that is detrimental to, or harms, the host organism. In this relationship, one organism feeds on and usually lives in another, typically larger, organism. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefit. A well known instance of mutualism involves ants and aphids. The ants feed on fluid the aphids secrete, and in exchange, the ants protect the aphids from insect predators. A third from of symbiosis is commensalism, a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Among the best-known examples of commensalism are the feeding and protection relationships between certain small tropical fishes and sea anemones, marine animals that have stinging tentacles.
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