1. Explain why neither cyclins nor kinases alone can cause a cell to progress through the cell cycle.
As cyclin accumulates, it activates their kinases that turn on the pathway to mitotic spindle formation, and so on.
2. How do controls of the cell cycle protect multi-cellular organisms from accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells?
The checkpoint control is responsible for multi-cellular organisms for not accumulating large numbers of damaged or defective cells. Checkpoint controls consist of proteins that detect mistakes and damage and quickly halt the cell cycle until repairs are made. When this occurs, the cell is said to be in cell-cycle <span>arrest.
</span>3. What is the difference between a cancerous tumor and metastasis?
Cancer is cause by mutations in the genes that encode these proteins can lead to uncontrolled growth. Cancer is when there is uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction. Metastasis is caused by tumors when they grow and interfere with the surrounding tissue or cells and break off and spread around the body. Cancerous tumors cause metastasis, and tumors are caused by mutations in genes that lead to uncontrolled growth.
4. What are the functions of tumor-suppressor genes and protoncogenes in noncancerous cells?
The genes that encode the checkpoint proteins are called tumor suppressors because they suppress the development of cells into tumors. If mutations inactivate these genes, the cell-cycle break is removed with or without a signal from the outside. Proto-oncogene’s are involved in promoting cell division, mutations can cause them to become oncogenes, or cancer genes which stimulate cells to leave G0 and divide whether or not it is a signal.
<span>Helium nuclei have a positive charge of 2+ when observed. Compared to a hydrogen nuclei, we can see that the Helium nuclei is more difficult to fuse as it has a greater charge than Hydrogen 1+. This chemical difference makes the answer true.</span>
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
Answer: Oligodynamic and unaffected by antimicrobial resistance
Explanation:
Silver is one of the most affected effective antimicrobial which is so effective that the microbes die when being exposed to the silver.
It is used in case of wound dressing, and it is used to coat medical devices . It is used as an external application such as on the skin and while dressing.
The oligodynamic action of the metal is to block the free carbonyl and sufhydryl group present in the organism.
Even in the small concentration it can be used to kill the microbes.
Answer:
The false statement is e. It is found only in gram-negative bacteria.
Explanation:
Drug resistance is a condition that is usually developed in bacteria because of the wrong use of medicines. This condition can cause a mutation and can be transferred with horizontal gene exchange, that does not require breed and it can happen between two grown bacteria. As it happens in all species of bacteria, therefore it's not only found in gram-negatives.
