Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation. During transcription, mRNA complements the DNI template strand. During translation, mRNA codons specify the amino acids that must be added to the growing polypeptide by tRNA.
-----------------------
Before answering all these questions, let us review some framework.
Nitrogenated bases that conform nucleic acids correspond to purines and pyrimidines.
- Adenine and guanine ⇒ purines,
- Thymine, Uracile, and Citocine ⇒ Pyrimidines.
⇒ In the DNA molecule, Adenine always forms pairs with Timine , while Guanine forms pairs with Cytosine.
⇒ In RNA molecule, Timine is replaced by Uracil. So Adenine forms pairs with Uracil, and Guanine forms pairs with Cytosine.
- Transcription occurs in the nucleus. The template DNI strand is read in direction 3´→ 5´ to build the mRNA molecule that grows in direction 5´→ 3´.
- Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where a ribosome reads mRNA in the 5´ to 3´ direction. According to the codons being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain.
Codons are short sequences of three nucleotides that carry the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly.
mRNA has start and end codons. Between them, there are codons that code for the amino acids to be added to the chain. The start is the signal of the synthesis initiation. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, protein synthesis is over.
There exists a total of 64 codons.
- One of them is the start codon → AUG → Metionine
- 61 codify amino acids, and
- the remaining three are stopping points → UAA, UAG, UGA.
-----------------------
Now, let us answer the questions.
- tRNA ⇒ 3'-GGC-UGC-5' ⇒ tRNA Anticodon
- Protein ⇒ Glycine-Cysteine ⇒ dipeptides
GGC codes for Glycine, while UGC codes for Cysteine
- tRNA ⇒ AUG ACA ⇒ Anticodons
- mRNA ⇒ UAC UGU ⇒ Codons
- DNI strand ⇒ CAG
- mRNA strand ⇒ GUC
- Protein ⇒ Val - His - Thr
- DNI Strand ⇒ CAT - GTA - TGG
- tRNA ⇒ RNA that functions to use coded instructions to assemble amino acids
- RNA ⇒ Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm ⇒ After transcription and before translation
----------------------------------------
Related link: brainly.com/question/16305465?referrer=searchResults
