The first country to do so was Portugal
The united states policy for japan after world war 2 was reconstruction,democracy and free market economy. This was similar to similar policy Toward the western countries who were covered by the marshal fund. The overall goal of the similarity in policy was containing communism.
There are 3 branches and Presidential is not one of them. So Presidential is the answer
You need rights and laws because if we didn't have laws people could do anything they wanted, but if we didn't have rights we wouldn't be allowed to do anything