Answer:
In the monogastric diet, starch is the primary carbohydrate. In the small intestine, starch is digested by pancreatic amylase in conjunction with other enzymes. The complex polysaccharides are completely digested to monosaccharides. The monosaccharides are readily absorbed into the bloodstream via the small intestine.
Explanation:
Solar energy is a form of renewable energy, namely energy that cannot be depleted. Other forms of energy like carbon based sources of energy cannot be renewed in a reasonable span after being used (forests take time to grow and oil is created in geological timescales). Joe is trying to deal with the phenomenon of resource depletion. The way he goes about it is making a renewable source of energy more efficient and usable.
Answer:
e. All of the choices describe characteristics of the ANS.
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system is a regulatory and control system that influences the functions of internal organs.
Autonomic pathways consist of two types of motor neurons, these are the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron.
ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory. In the preganglionic autonomic neurons, and all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are usually (cholinergic i.e receptors that bins with acetylcholine), as a result they release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. The cholinergic effects of preganglionic autonomic neurons are always excitatory.
The postganglionic neuron lies entirely in the peripheral nervous system.Yes!, this is so because the ganglion cells that give rise to postganglionic axons lies through the gray rami communicans and join the peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
Answer:
C3 plants would have faster growth rates; C4 plants would be minimally affected.
Explanation:
C3 and C4 pathways are the variations of dark reactions of photosynthesis present in green plants. The photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants is reduced due to the affinity of RuBisCo enzyme for oxygen which in turn leads to the futile pathway of photorespiration. RuBisCo enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction of the C3 pathway. On the other hand, the C4 plants concentrate CO2 around RuBisCo in their bundle sheath cells of leaves to minimize photorespiration and exhibit higher rates of photosynthesis.
Increased levels of atmospheric CO2 would reduce the photorespiration in C3 plants and would allow them to fix CO2 efficiently due to the increased concentration of CO2 around the enzyme RuBisCo. The increased photosynthetic efficiency would help these plants to exhibit faster growth rates.
However, the photosynthetic rate of C4 plants is not limited by CO2 concentration as they themselves reduce photorespiration by spatial separation of primary carboxylation in mesophyll cell and CO2 fixation in bundle sheath cells. Hence, increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere would not have any impact on their photosynthetic rate and growth.
