The reaction of a particular endothermic reaction whether in a negative or positive entropy change is always spontaneous. Temperature differences will be spontaneous throughout the reaction but one thing is constant, heat will always be produced within the said reaction.
For lactic acid fermentation, the correct options are:
- pyruvate
- hydrogen
- NADH
- lactic acid
- Lactic acid
- pyruvate
- mitochondria
For ethanol fermentation, the correct options are:
- pyruvate
- CO₂
- acetyl CoA
- acetyl CoA
- acetaldehyde
- Acetaldehyde
- hydrogen
- NADH
- ethanol
<h3>What is a anaerobic respiration?</h3>
Anaerobic respiration is respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor during respiration. However, when oxygen is absent or insufficient, other molecules are used as electron acceptors in order to produce energy.
Anaerobic respiration in large organisms may result in the formation of lactate known as lactic acid fermentation.
In lactic acid fermentation, after glycolysis, the two pyruvate molecules receive hydrogen atoms from NADH creating lactic acid. Lactic acid can be converted back into pyruvate in the liver. The pyruvate can then enter into the mitochondria and cellular respiration, can proceed.
On the other hand, anaerobic respiration in microorganisms produce ethanol and is known as ethanol fermentation.
After glycolysis, the two pyruvate molecules lose a CO₂ atom, creating acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA atom combines with hydrogen to form acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde receives a hydrogen atom from NADH, resulting in the production of ethanol.
In conclusion, anaerobic respiration can occur either as a lactate fermentation or ethanol fermentation.
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NADPH builds up in the STROMA of the chloroplasts during electron transport. In chloroplasts, NADP+ is reduced by the ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the reduced electron form of NADP+.
The NADPH coenzyme is generated during the last step of the electron transport chain of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
NADPH is used by plant cells as an electron donor in different reactions associated with dehydrogenase and reductase enzymes.
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Answer:
c) phloem-sieve plate, sieve tube, companion cell
