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3 years ago

How do mutated tumor suppressor genes affect the cell cycle?

1 answer:

8 0

Tumor suppressor genes encode for proteins that inhibit or slow the progression of the cell cycle through a specific stage.they also encode for check point control proteins that arrests the cell cycle if the DNA is damaged or the chromosomes are abnormal. Mutation in the tumor suppressor genes that cause a loss or decreased function would lead to uncontrolled cell cycle leading to abnormal proliferation and the cell may become cancerous.

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Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

Goshia [24]

Answer:

Aerobic cell respiration is roughly 18 times more efficient than anaerobic cell respiration. Your cells require a lot of energy and are dependent on the high efficiency of aerobic respiration. Overall, aerobic respiration converts about 40% of the available energy of glucose into ATP.

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3 years ago

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What is the step by step process of fracture repair?

AlekseyPX

Depending on the severity, the bone would need to be placed back in it's original position. It would then have to be set in a cast, hard or soft. Making sure that the bones are in a comfortable position, helps the them heal quicker and gentler.

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3 years ago

Energy is stored in the ____________________ (chemical bonds, sugars).

Elenna [48]

Energy is stored in the chemical bonds.

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3 years ago

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Discuss two friends parents least six exchange

krek1111 [17]

Answer:

A dialogue between father and son for permission

Son : I have a request to you.

Father: Tell me please.

Son : my class is going on a picnic to Murree..

Father: What is your purpose?

Son : I also want to go with my class.

Father: Who are going on picnic?

Son : Rashid, Faheem, Saleem, Yaseen all are going on picnic.

Father: For how many days is your class going to Murree?

Son : Only for one week.

Father: When will your class go?

Son : Today at night.

Father: O.K. you may go. How much money you want?

Son : Only one thouasnd.

Father: All right take your money. Keep mobile with you so that connection between you and me could remain alive.

Son : Mother! It is great pleasure, father has allowed me to go on picnic. Please give me three suites of different varieties and pack my bag.

Father: But I shall go to leave you with your mother at railway station because you are my only son.

Son : Father, please give me your camera so that I could take different photos of my friends and myself.

Father: It is a great pleasure for me that you have demanded money and camera for the first time.

Son : Pray for us because our train is about to leave the station.

Father: May you all comeback safe and sound.

Son : Goodbye

Father: Goodbye.

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3 years ago

A, B, C, D and E are pathogens of different diseases for human beings. The route of entry of pathogens in human body is differen

Goryan [66]

Answer:

Microorganisms which causes diseases is known as pathogen.

Explanation:

PATHOGEN -: Pathogens are agents that live in a host and are responsible for causing infections or diseases in that host, such as a human being. Microorganisms such as bacteria , viruses , fungi or protozoa, or other organisms such as parasites, worms and even contagious proteins such as prions, may be pathogens.

Viruses: Viruses are micro-organisms that are composed of nucleic acid and covered by a protein sheet. A lipid (fatty) outer layer is also present in some viruses. Enveloped viruses are called these. Non-enveloped viruses are considered those that do not have this lipid outer layer. Only inside their host's living cells are viruses able to replicate. EXAMPLE -: Influenza (influenza A and B viruses) and the common cold (rhinovirus) are examples of infections caused by viruses.

Bacteria: These are microorganisms which have a nucleus containing DNA surrounded by a cell wall or membrane. Among bacteria, the composition of the cell wall differs. If they are able to access food and nutrients, they have a more complex structure than viruses and can multiply beyond the host. EXAMPLE -: Foodborne diseases can be caused by bacteria such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections.

Fungi: Fungi are single-celled or multicelled species that can live outside a host. They consume food and nutrients created after digestive enzymes have been secreted into their atmosphere. example-:  The foot of the athlete (Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and yeast infections (Candida albicans) are examples of infections caused by fungi.

Prions: These are infectious agents made up entirely of proteins and capable of transferring to other prion proteins their infectious properties. EXAMPLE -: Extreme infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be caused by prions.

Protozoa: Protozoa are single-celled organisms that display habits that are similar to animals, such as the ability to travel through water, and are capable of harvesting other microorganisms. They are able to live outside the human host, but when they enter the human host and spread, causing infections and diseases, they may also be parasitic in nature.  EXAMPLE -: Malaria and giardia include common infections

Yes , pathogen enter into the body directly -: Direct contact infections spread when, through direct physical contact with blood or body fluids, disease-causing microorganisms move from the infected person to the healthy person. Touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, or contact with bodily lesions are examples of direct contact.
INCUBATION PERIOD OF A PATHOGEN -:The period of incubation is the interval between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a drug, or radiation, and when the first signs and symptoms are evident.

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3 years ago