According to Descartes Rule of Sign, The maximum number of real roots a polynomial equation has is the number of times the sign of term changes from a higher power term to a lower power term.
In the given equation, , we can already see that from to we can see that the sign didn't change so there might be no real roots. From to , we can see that the signs change so we now know that there might be real root for equation. From to , the signs changed so there might be real roots. From to , it changed again so there might be real roots. There are no other term with lesser power to compare for so we are left with real roots.