The building block of nucleic acids are nucleotides. These consist of sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
Based on the nature of proton gradient, (A) is false, but (R) is true.
<h3>What is a proton gradient?</h3>
A proton gradient is a gradient that exists due to difference in proton concentration between the inner and outer mitochondrial matrix.
An assertion is a statement or claim stating a given position.
- Assertion (A): A proton gradient cannot be established in the mitochondria.
- Reason (R): Hydrogen molecules are pumped out of an internal space (the matrix) in the mitochondria.
The assertion, A, is false because a proton gradient is established in the mitochondria due to the function of the proton pump which pumps out protons from the inner mitochondrial matrix to the outer membrane.
The reason, R is true as hydrogen molecules are pumped out of an internal space (the matrix) in the mitochondria by the proton pump.
Therefore, (A) is false, but (R) is true.
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Answer:
Bacteria and other microbes play an important role in the environment that is of decomposers which act in the last stage of the food chain. These microorganisms like bacteria cause the breakdown of energy-rich organic compounds. These compounds come from decaying matter of plants such as leaves or animals waste products and dead bodies.
The immune system<span> is made up of a chain of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. </span>
Answer:
Peyers patches
Explanation:
Peyers patches are group of lymphoid follicles found in the ileum of the small intestine.
This part of lymphatic system form part of immune system that help to control bacteria population in the small intestine and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestines. It plays an important role in immune surveillance where it recognises pathogenic bacteria and destroy the bacteria.
It is a lymphoid organs destroys bacteria before it can breach the intestinal wall and generates "memory" lymphocytes for long-term memory because it form the part of the immune system which help to fight infection or foreign substances in the body, also by generating lymphocytes which is a white blood cells of the immune system which generate long term memory of foreign pathogens and destroying it.