Answer:
The gene/genes which was applied for the molecular clock determination may have evolved at a slow pace in these two taxa when compared to species used to calibrate the clock; this will lead to the clock underestimating the time of divergence of the two taxa apart from each other.
Phenotype.
It is the compound of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
Answer:
spinach plants will be more genetically diverse than tomato plants because sexual reproduction generates more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction
Explanation:
In nature, there are two basic mechanisms of reproduction: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Genetic variation can be generated by the following mechanisms: mutations, random fertilization, recombination (i.e., crossing over), and the independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Sexual reproduction involves two parents, thereby new genetic variation can be generated in the offspring through all these mechanisms: new mutations, genetic recombination (which generates new alleles within an organism's offspring), random fertilization, and the random (independent) assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis (these last two mechanisms can potentially generate new genetic combinations in the offspring). Moreover, asexual reproduction involves a single parent, and thereby in this case genetic variation can be only generated by mutations that are passed on to offspring.
