Answer:
Pavlov's theory of stimulus substitution is the combination of several techniques that are called the spectrum of the umbrella in classical conditioning. It occurs with the pairing with the new stimulus to the already conditioned stimulus. When this procedure occurs new stimulus paired with the conditioned stimulus, there are chances of replacing already conditioned stimulus with a new stimulus.
We can take an example of a rat that is to be conditioned to respond to a whistle which related to fed then can add a flashlight as a signal with a whistle. When light is there then rat fed. The light signal is then substituted part of the whistle.
Answer:
When the cue ball hits another ball at an angle, the cue ball will keep some of its original velocity. Both balls will roll. The further off-center that you strike the ball, the more velocity the cue ball will keep.
Answer:
Debra Medina claimed that nullification was possible by state laws that could neutralize federal laws. She based her claim on the 10th Amendment, which establishes that any power not constitutionally granted to the federal government can be held by the states.
Explanation:
The Constitution doesn´t enable the nullification of federal laws by the states, and several academics have stated that it could be illegal since the Supremacy Clause pronounces federal laws as the supreme national law. So nullification would overthrow the constitutional interpretation held for 200 years.
Let us also remember that Gov. Rick Perry, who supported nullification, had already skipped the nullification issue by starting a debate about secession. This debate is a reminder of the time when state rejection of racial integration had to be stopped by the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
