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Crusades: resulted largely in a muslim victory. In the following centuries, muslim states would monopolize trade routes in the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond, making it harder for Western European nations to trade with the Middle East and Asia.
Renaissance: at the height of the Renaissance period, shipmaking and navigation innovations allowed Western European nations to send sailors around the globe, looking for alternative trade routes with Asia. The first nations to do so were Spain and Portugal.
Age of Enlightenment: the political ideas of the Age of Enlightenment inspired political leaders back in the Americas, which at the time consisted in colonies dominated by a few European powers. These ideas resulted in revolutions in both North American and South America.
War Power Act is a federal law created to control the power of the president to engage in armed conflicts with other nations without the approval of the U.S. Congress.
Among other stipulations, it requires that the president notifies the congress <em>48 hours</em> prior to sending military forces to action, and forbids them to stay longer than <em>60 days</em> in missions, with and extra <em>30 day</em> period for withdrawing.
It relates to the President in a way that in the 20th/21st century, it's very important to have this kind of regulations, to prevent wars, and rushed decisions of going to battle. Nowadays, weapons are deadlier than ever, and an atomic war is a real possibility, and efforts like these help prevent it.
A range war or range conflict is a type of usually violent conflict, most commonly in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the American West. The subject of these conflicts was control of "open range", or range land freely used for cattle grazing, which gave the conflict its name
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the division of Germany among the Allied powers
An armistice is an agreement between warring parties to stop fighting.