Answer: b. increasing the driving forces.
Explanation:
Driving forces analysis (DFA) this are ways used in understanding and accounting for changes in industrial level. The drivers used for this are clusters of trends which directly or collectively have influence on changes occurring in an industrial structure and a rival's competitive conduct. The word force used here is used to show that the said drivers can materially impact the firm's future.
Answer:
Before-tax cost of debt ⇒ A. The interest rate the firm must pay on new long-term borrowing.
This refers to the interest rate that a firm will pay on long term borrowing as compensation to the lenders for lending the company some funds.
Cost of preferred stock ⇒ C. rate of return investors require based on the preferred stock dividend.
The cost of the preferred stock is the rate of the preferred dividend that investors require they are paid every year if dividends can be paid and sometimes even when it cannot.
Cost of Common Stock ⇒ B. the rate of return on retained earnings, and adjusted for flotation costs .
Commons stock costs is the required return on the retained earnings of a company.
WACC ⇒ D. the average cost of raising new financing.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) represents the total cost of raising capital for the company as it incorporates the costs of debt, preferred stock and common stock.
Normal profit is the return to the entrepreneur when the entire economic profits are equal to zero. Hence, the correct statement is Option A.
<h3>When the business earns normal profits?</h3>
A commercial enterprise may be in a state of normal profit while its economic income is equal to 0, that is why normal profit is also called “zero economic profit.” Normal profit takes place on the factor wherein all sources are being successfully used and could not be put to better use elsewhere.
Hence, Normal profit is the return to the entrepreneur when the entire economic profits are equal to zero. The correct statement is Option A.
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Answer:
D) Stock prices of companies that announce increased earning in January tend to outperform the market in February.
Explanation:
The above is consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis. All others are a direct contravention.
<em>The efficient market hypothesis (EMH), also known as the efficient market theory, is a hypothesis that states that the prices of shares contain all information and that consistent alpha generation is impossible.</em>
According to the hypothesis, stocks always trade at their fair value on exchanges, making it impossible for investors to purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices.
This means that it should not be possible to outperform the overall market through professional stock selection or market timing.
The only way according to EMH that an investor can obtain better returns is by purchasing riskier investments.
By implication, this also means that it is not possible to "beat the market" consistently on a risk-adjusted basis since market prices should only react to new information.
You would note that in the option D, earning (which is a key driver for demand of stock) is announced in one month. The natural reaction would be for the demand for that stock to surge in the next month.
