A. The denied powers in the Constitution deny the state government the power to make treaties with foreign governments, coin money, and other things.
Hope this helps.
The scientist who thought that the earth was the center of the universe was Nicolas Copernicus
I would say there were more than two things that motivated the Founding Fathers to write the Constitution. The motivations of these people were many. But in terms of broad motives, I think we can pin down two:
To create a workable government. In the eyes of many Founding Fathers, the Articles of Confederation did not give enough power to the central government. The Articles government did not work. They drafted a new document to fix its problems. They did things like allowing Congress to tax, creating an executive and judicial branch to enforce Congress’ laws, and establishing for sure that the Federal Government had supremacy over the states.
To create a limited government. Nevertheless, the Founding Fathers (nearly all of whom would be considered libertarians today) did not want the Federal Government to have broad authority over our lives. Their federalist beliefs convinced them that broad authority should rest in the hands of the states, or better yet, the individual. They accomplished this by giving all legislative power to Congress and then by assigning specific powers to Congress. The enumerated powers are intended to limit Congress’ actions and prevent it from assuming it has power in any area.
Imperial judges can interpet the laws of the empirebcontained in the Code of Justinian.
B. The National Assembly. This group dismantled the monarchy and in fall through spring of 1793-4, set about what would be called "The Reign of Terror", the bloodiest and most violent period of the French Revolution. The was led by Maximilien Robespierre and his associated Committee of Public Safety.
