The correct option is B
The independence of Panama was the emancipation process developed between November 10 and 28, 1821, by which Panama breaks the colonial ties that existed between its territory and the Spanish Empire, thus ending 321 years of colonial life. The Panamanian independence movement of the Spanish Crown began on November 10, 1821 with the Independence of Villa de Los Santos led by Segundo Villareal, which had the support of other populations such as Natá de los Caballeros, Penonomé, Ocú and Parita The independence of Panama was finally proclaimed on November 28, 1821, and immediately thereafter, he voluntarily decided to join the Great Colombia presided over by Simón Bolívar.
The separation of Panama and Colombia was a fact occurred on November 3, 1903, after the War of a Thousand Days, and that triggered the proclamation of the Republic of Panama. The Isthmus of Panama was an integral part of all forms of political and territorial organization that had the Republic of Colombia from 1831 to 1903, with about seventeen secession attempts and four separations consummated during the nineteenth century.
For Panamanian historiography, the proclamation of the Republic of Panama was the result of a nationalist and autonomist process that was built since the end of the 18th century, and that ended with the separation of Panama and Colombia. On the other hand, for Colombian historiography, the secession of Panama constitutes an attack on the politico-territorial integrity of Colombia, which was devised by the United States in association with the Isthmian oligarchy of the time.
