If you have an argument that is weak and uncogent, the conclusion may be either true or false.
An argument is a collection of two or more statements, one of which is supported by another. A conclusion is a proposition supported and a premise is a proposition supporting the conclusion. The purpose of an argument is to build a conclusion based on the premises or the evidence provided by the premises.
An inductive argument is one that claims that the conclusion follows with some degree of probability. In other words, premises make the conclusion more likely to be true, and premises true make the conclusion less likely to be false. Inductive arguments are powerful when given that the premises are true, the conclusion is unlikely to be false.
An inductive argument is weak when the conclusion is likely false given the premises are true. A strong argument is cogent if the premise is correct. A strong argument is uncogent if at least one of its premises is wrong.
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Answer:
Janet stops parking in handicapped spaces after she gets a big parking ticket. - Positive Punishment
Peter’s recess is taken away to discourage him from getting into fights with the other children. - Negative Punishment
Ted increases paying his bills on time to avoid a late fee. - Negative Reinforcement
Sally increases the amount of work she completes to receive more pay. - Positive Reinforcement
Explanation:
In operant conditioning, the main principle is that behavior increases or decreases its frequency depending on whether it's reinforced or punished. A behavior can be reinforced by giving something the subject appreciates, like more pay for their work (positive reinforcement) or taking away something they dislike, like late fees (negative reinforcement). Punishments work the same way, you can give something the subject dislikes, like a parking ticket, (positive punishment) or taking away something they like recess for a child. (negative punishment).
