Answer:
1. P120 is degraded in the 26S proteasome
2. The 26S proteasome has a major role in protein degradation and is critical for protein homeostasis
3. Cell cycle and DNA replication are cellular processes regulated by the Ras and NFkB pathways
Explanation:
The proliferation-associated nucleolar protein (p120) is a protein known to be expressed during the interphase of the cell cycle, specifically in G1 and early S phase, where any problem with DNA replication trigger a checkpoint, i.e., a molecular cascade of signaling events that suspend DNA replication until the problem is resolved. In mammalian cells, the 26S proteasome is responsible for catalyzing protein degradation of about 80% (or even more) of their proteins. The 26S proteasome acts to degrade rapidly misfolded and regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby having a major role in protein homeostasis and in the control of cellular processes. It is for that reason that inhibitors that block 26S proteasome function have shown to be useful as therapeutic agents in diseases associated with the failure of protein degradation mechanisms (e.g., multiple myeloma). The NF-κB are highly conserved transcription factors capable of regulating different cellular processes including, among others, cellular growth, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK pathway is able to transduce different signals received on the cell surface to the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK pathway is activated when a singling molecule binds to a cell receptor which triggers a signaling cascade that ends when a transcription factor induces the expression of target genes, ultimately producing a response in the cell (for example, the progression through the cell cycle).
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Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D.
Explanation:
In eukaryotes, the process of transcription takes place inside the nucleus whereas translation takes place in the cytosol. So, mRNA has to export to the cytosol from the nucleus.
Before export, the post-transcriptional modification takes place like 5' capping, 3' tailing and splicing mechanism.
The capping is done at 5' end by adding modified guanine (G) nucleotide which protects the mRNA from exonuclease activity and tailing is done at 3' end by adding adenine nucleotides which provides stability to the mRNA.Splicing removes the junk DNA called introns and joins the exons before export.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
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