1. An adverb clause is a type of a subordinate clause. This means that it cannot exist on its own - it needs to be a part of a larger sentence in order to make sense. An adverb clause needs to have an adverbial function - this means that it should answer the questions why, when, where, etc.
2. The adverb clause here is - <span>until his arms ached. 3. The adverb clause here is - </span><span>once they saw her car turn the corner. 4. The adverb clause here is - </span><span>When the storm started. 5. The adverb clause here is - </span><span>while being taught to bake cupcakes.</span>