Answer:
Option C. Europeans viewed the spread of Islam as a threat, and actively worked to stop it.
Explanation:
Religion has been the catalyzer for the outburst of many conflicts between civilizations. It is no secret that in the middle ages, Europe was predominantly inhabited by christians, while from the Middle-east Islam made its way into the north-west regions -- particularly due to the Ottoman Empire's desire for expansions.
Before the rise of the Ottoman Empire, Europe was already acquanted with the muslims due to trade and migration, but seeing them as a racially and religiously pagan culture, the Christian church started the famous conflict known as the "Crusades", which in proof show how the Europeans from the Mediterranean region saw the spread of Islam as a threat.
