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For example, delays in mitosis are often ascribed to 'activation' of the mitotic checkpoint, a descriptor that fails to recognize that the checkpoint by definition is active as the cell starts mitosis. Conversely, the completion of mitosis in the presence of misaligned chromosomes is often automatically interpreted to indicate a defective checkpoint, even though in the absence of critical testing alternative interpretations are equally likely. In this article, we define the critical characteristics of checkpoints and illustrate how confusion generated by the inconsistent use of terminology may impede progress by fostering claims that mean very different things to different researchers. We will illustrate our points with examples from the checkpoint that controls progression through mitosis
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Obligate mutualism.
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Obligate mutualism: It is defined as each organisms are obligated to each other, they rely on one another, means one species cannot survive without the other species. It may involve the interchange of resources, for example food, shelter, and nutrients or may interchange services like transportation, and protection.
Termites are mutualistic related to protozoa which lives inside the insects gut. Termite gets benefits from the bacterial symbiont ability which is present in the protozoa to digest the cellulose. The termites do not have this ability to do this, without the help of protozoa. They are not able to use their energy from the food which is wood, cellulose comes from wood it chews.
So, termites are mutualistic related to protozoans and showing obligate mutualism.
Gel electrophoresis is the movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field. Results of this technique can be interpreted to find out if someone carries a certain gene or not.
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As one plate moves into subduction zone, magma is formed and moves upward. As magma rises, it picks up rocks, minerals, and sediments from overlaying plate. Most volcanoes on land are because of oceanic-continental subduction. Characterized by explosive eruptions
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