Answer: Malthusianism
Explanation:
Malthusian catastrophe also called Malthusianism, Malthusian check, Malthusian spectre or Malthusian crisis was developed by Thomas Robert Malthus in his essay on "The Principle of Population". According to Malthus, malthusianism occurs when population growth is more than agricultural production.
He posited that the growth of population is exponential while the growth of food supply is linear. He said some checks such as delayed marriage and abstinence were put in place in order to keep population growth with the growth of food supply.
Destructive criticism is a kind of criticism usually made in order to harm someone. It is used normally as a factor of defamation. It is used to hamper some one' reputation
Explanation:
Criticism is a gate way which provides a reader with clarity of thoughts and sometimes criticism can be too harsh that it would ruin the derogate and destroy the self esteem of a person who faces the criticism. No boy likes to be criticized, this is the fact and hence it depends largely on a person on how to react to a destructive criticism.
Analyse the relevance the criticism and decide how to resolve it when you observe that the criticism is relevant. The critic must not be too harsh while criticizing. He must be professional and turn his criticism in to a complaint which would make both the critic and the criticized to focus on the problem and solve it.
Answer:
Conditioned stimulus
Explanation:
Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned stimulus is one of the important elements of the classical conditioning experiment that is given by Ivan Pavlov.
Ivan Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning depends on the learning principle in which he believed that a stimulus pairing can give rise to a conditioned response.
Hence, the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning is defined as a neutral stimulus, that is being associated with the unconditioned stimulus triggers or lead to a conditioned response.
Example:
1. Unconditioned stimulus- food's smell.
2. Conditioned stimulus- Sound of the whistle.
3. Unconditioned response- feeling hungry.
4. Conditioned response- feeling hungry after hearing the whistle sound.
A should be the correct answer