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4 years ago

What type of immunity provides lifetime immunity for the body against a specific pathogen?

1 answer:

4 0

The type of immunity that provides lifetime immunity for the body against a specific pathogen is called acquired immunity. It is also referred to as adaptive or specific immunity.

Acquired immunity is not present at birth. it is learned. As a person's immune system encounters foreign substances (antigens) the components of acquired immunity learn the best way to attack each antigen and begin to develop a memory for that antigen. Acquired immunity is also called specific immunity because it tailors its attack to a specific antigen previously encountered. Its uniqueness lies in its ability to learn, adapt and remember.

Acquired immunity takes time to develop after first exposure to a new antigen. However afterward, the antigen is remembered, and subsequent responses to that antigen are quicker and more effective than those that occurred after first exposure. Memory of a particular antigen is kept by the B and T lymphocytes.

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In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is _______ and is coupled to ________.

insens350 [35]

In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.

Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.

Learn more about thylakoid

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3 0

1 year ago

Which of the following is NOT true about the absorption of fats?

babunello [35]

Answer:

The best choice from the answer options for the question: Which of the following is NOT true about absorption of fats, would be: C: The chylomicrons enter the blood in the villi capillaries.

Explanation:

Because of the characteristics of fatty acids, and fats in general, they are not able to either pass the intestinal enterocytes, and enter the bloodstream, as easily as glucose, or other molecules, can. Instead, they first must be passed into the enterocytes, the intenstines´ cells, by their combination with bile. Once inside the intestine, the enterocytes take up the fats and combines them with lipoproteins and cholesterol in order to create the chylomicrons. But before these chylomicrons can make their way to the blood, first they must be taken up by the lymphatic vessels present in the villus of the intestinal epithelium, not the blood capillaries. It will be the lymphatic system which will be reponsible for passing the fats to the bloodstream, who will then distribute them to the appropriate cells in the body as energy is required. Or they will be taken for storage by the liver.

4 0

3 years ago

Proposed the polynucleic model, stating that DNA and RNA were composed of nucleotides

Bond [772]

Phoebes Levine proposed the polynucleic model (around 1910!).

8 0

3 years ago

Nonrenewable resources are used much more prevalently today despite knowing that they pollute and will run out in the future. wh

KIM [24]

We are not using more renewable resources because we have been using fossil fuels since the 18th century and renewable resources are comparatively new. Also, we have limited knowledge about them, so it will take time to change our mindset toward renewable resources.

Based on exhaustibility, there are mainly two types of resources, renewable resources, and non-renewable resources.

Renewable resources are those resources that are replenished while non-renewable resources are those resources that are not replenished.

The non-renewable resources take millions of years to form and once exhausted they cannot be made more.

Examples of renewable resources are solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc. while examples of non-renewable resources are fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, metals, etc.

Despite the fact that the supply of non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum is limited and they also cause pollution, the use of them is rampant around the world.

The use of fossil fuels is widespread because we have been using them since the 18th century and the use of renewable resources is a very recent phenomenon.

Also, a major hurdle for using renewable resources is the upgrading of current technology to harness these resources.

The newer technologies are generally more expensive to employ, for example, the solar cells used for storing solar energy are made up of elements like silicon, silver, and gallium which are expensive.

To know more about "types of natural resources", refer to the following link:

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5 0

2 years ago

Pleazz helpp.. why do you think holding your breath or breathing into a bag effects the pulse rate??

Mice21 [21]

It's all dependent on the amount of oxygen your lungs take in and deliver to the heart

6 0

3 years ago