Chris's attitude change is best explained by cognitive dissonance.
It refers to the fact that a person may be experiencing thoughts and feelings which are not really consistent, and which may change, sometimes drastically. In Chris's case, he hated pop music, until he actually listened to one pop song and liked it, and then changed his opinion.
Answer: C & D
Explanation: In the context above, there is no scientific correlation or relationship between ice cream and level of temper. The observed association may be either due to mere coincidence, that is, moment whereby reduction in temper of the subject or participant is witnessed aligns with the the time at which ice-cream is consumed. Coincidental relationships have no scientific relationship and are not fixed, as they usually occur rather naturally in varying circumstances.
The observed correlation might also be due to a confounding or third variable which isn't part of our data but impacting our data, hence, resulting in the observed relationship.
The correct answer is distress.
While some types of stress (eustress) can actually boost performance and optimal functioning, other types of stress have a negative and harmful influence on individuals. Distress refers to when the experience of stress is debilitating and takes a toll on an individual. An example of distress would be a situation in which a person suffers from unpleasant circumstances for a prolonged period of time, and it starts to negatively affect his or her emotional and physical health.
