I believe the answer is hereditary.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
 Cytoplasm is responsible for giving a cell its shape. It helps to fill out the cell and keeps organelles in their place
Explanation:
Cytoplasm contains molecules such as enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in metabolic activity.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
B. Organisms in each ecological system have evolved in that system and have adaptations suited for that environment.
Explanation:
According to natural selection theory, organisms need to continuously adapt and evolve within an environment or risk being wiped away from that environment.
Organisms that are not able to adapt to an environment are gradually replaced by those that have the capability to adapt and survive in that environment. 
Those that are able to survive go ahead to reproduce and give rise to offspring with inherent ability to survive while those that cannot survive die off. 
The correct option is B.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
1. physical and chemical barriers
2.non-specific innate response
3. specific adaptive responses
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Option D,  a research paper published in an academic journal and an approved PhD dissertation
Explanation:
Nicholas must present her discovery with back up of strong literature review. This literature review must include papers published in good journals and only approved research dissertation.  
An internet blog, news article and college level textbook are not considered as an approved study. These are not reviewed or approved by any peer group or associations.  
Good papers of any good journals are reviewed and examined thoroughly by the peers and thus they can be used as a backup of any study.  
Hence, option D is correct