Answer:
The correct answer will be option B.
Explanation:
Blood pressure represents the pressure of the blood in the major arteries of the body.
This blood pressure increases in the arteries when the ventricle contracts to push the blood to the major artery by a mechanism called ventricular systole. This increased blood pressure number is known as systolic blood pressure which is usually 180 mm of Hg.
The blood pressure decrease in the artery due to ventricular diastole during which ventricles relaxes. This lower number of blood pressure is known as diastolic blood pressure which is 80 mm of Hg.
Thus, option B is the correct answer.
Answer:
The white blood cells i.e. granulocytes and macrophages are specifically stimulated by GM-CSF in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Explanation:
The colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are the regulators of granulocytes and macrophages in blood. The CSFs has the potential to regenerate the white blood cells damaged during chemotherapy. Thus, CSFs mobilize the stem cells to enhance the immune process and produce hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, macrophages in cancer patients. The CSFs resemble hormones that are specifically targeted to produce blood cells in specified regions where the quantity of those cells is low. The CSFs belong to a group of regulatory factors also known as cytokines and does not produce only a single cell type but stimulates colonies of different blood cell types for any specific organ. Hematopoietic cells produced by CSF are step-wise and formation of blast colonies take place initially. Afterwards, the blast cells regenerate and differentiated into multiple progenitor cells consisting of granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophills, erythroids, and lymphocytes. The progenitor cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage matures into neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Out of all types of CSF colonies, the Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) colony is specially involved in regenerating immune responses in cancer patients. These cytokines stimulates the dendritic cell formation and produces dendritic activity against the cancerous cells. These GM-CSF colonies enhance the immune response of host against melanomas, tumors by reducing their growth and inducing remission. Hence, it can be said that granulocytes and macrophages are infection protective cells and elevates dangerously low levels of white blood cells in cancer patients following chemotherapy. The GM-CSF induction regenerates the bone marrow which is damaged and improves stem cells production.
Answer:
Option (b).
Explanation:
Pulmonary ventilation is the mechanism of respiration in which the oxygen is inhaled in the body and carbon dioxide is exhaled out due to the pressure difference in the lungs and the environment.
The surface tension in the alveoli is decreased by the presence of surfactant. The increase in the surface tension of the alveoli increase the force that will require the additional muscles to work properly.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
Answer: CPR, then 911
Explanation:
1st do CPR and if that doesn’t help then call 911 for emergencies
