<u>Answer:</u>
According to "psychoanalytic theory" gender typing stems from children’s awareness of anatomical differences between males and females combined with their strong inborn sexual urges.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The interpersonal personality theory and personality formation processes that direct psychoanalysis, a therapeutic form of psychopathology treatment is understood as "psychoanalytic theory".
Psychoanalytic theory was first set out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, and since his work it has undergone numerous purification. While his research was targeted for the identification of childhood events that might affect adult mental functioning. His genetic study and then the developmental factors gave its characteristics to psychoanalytic theory.
Cellular proteostasis (portmanteau of the words protein and homeostasis) is the key to ensuring successful development, healthy aging, resistance to environmental stresses and to minimize homeostasis perturbations by pathogens such as viruses. Having said so, disruption in protein homeostasis overtime can cause cellular injury.
Answer:
These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are spicules.
Explanation:
Sponges <em>skeleton</em> is composed of <em>calcium carbonate and siliceous</em> micro-structures called <u>spicules</u>. Their morphology is so varied that it is used in taxonomy for identification and classification.
There are different kinds of spicules:
- <em>Monoaxonic spicule</em>: needle-shaped, straights or curves
- <em>Tetraxonic spicules:</em> they have four prolongations
- <em>Triaxonic or Hexaxonic spicules</em>
- <em>Poliaxonic spicules </em>
Two terms can be applied to any of these spicules kinds:
- <em>Megaspicules</em>: They are elongated and compose the main architecture of the sponge skeleton
- <em>Microspicules</em>: Variable in shape and size, with ancillary functions
Sponges have few predators thank to the spicule structures and their high toxicity. Many of them are capable of perforating soft tissues and producing urticant substances.
Answer: option D.
Phenotype
Explanation:
Theory of natural selection shows that different organism survive, adapt and reproduce in their environment due to their different phenotypic variation. The phenotypic variation exist among individual organisms and it is heritable which is transfer from one generation to another.
Phenotype are traits or physical characteristics or observable characteristics of organism e.g organisms appearance, behavior e.t.c.