Answer:
The correct answer is - option A. They evolved separately as they moved north and became two separate species
Explanation:
Greenish warbler is a leaf warbler present in many regions in the world and shows migration in winters in the Indian region. The main region of the migration is Tibetan Plateau.
They migrated from the southern part of these birds range and moved north and evolved separately from the main species and become two distinct species due to their geolocation and environment change.
L.S. is brought to the emergency department for management of acute mushroom poisoning. Her respirations are slow and shallow, and she is nonresponsive. She is admitted to the critical care unit to be closely monitored for the development of respiratory failure and renal failure, which often accompany mushroom poisoning. Her urine output is decreased to about 20 ml/hr. Her laboratory values are serum K+ = 5.7 mEq/L; arterial blood gases (ABGs): pH = 7.13, PaCO2 = 56 mm Hg, PaO2 = 89 mm Hg, HCO3- = 18 mEq/L.
1A. What is the most likely cause of L.S.’s potassium imbalance? Explain the role of the kidney in potassium excretion
Answer: L.S. is experiencing a intrarenal acute renal failure in the category of tubular necrosis (due to ingested mushroom toxins).
The kidneys helps to maintain the electrolyte concentrations by filtering electrolytes and water from blood, routing some to the blood, and excreting any excess into the urine.
Therefore, the kidneys help to maintain a balance between daily consumption and excretion of electrolytes and water.
Explanation:
Daily variations in potassium excretion are controlled mainly by changes in secretion in distal and collecting tubules.
• Maintaining potassium balance depends primarily on renal excretion which is determined by:
• the rate of potassium filtration
• the rate of potassium reabsorption by the tubules o the rate of potassium secretion by the tubules
i.e. About 65% the filtered potassium is reabsorbed the proximal tubule and another 25% to 30% in the ascending loop of Henle.
The semilunar valve is usual peacemaker
The brain structure that receives information from all the
senses except smell is the thalamus. This is located above the brain stem of the
brain in which is a small structure that is responsible for having to receive
or pass sensory signals to the brain’s cerebral cortex.
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