Plants employ several methods in order to defend themselves from pathogens. These may be physical defenses or chemical ones. Several have adaptations to their surfaces that prevent the entry of pathogens, called physical barriers such as
thick waxy cuticles
thorns, which are modified plant branches
spines, which are modified plant leaves
gall production at infected sites to prevent pathogenic spread
Chemical defenses include the production or secretion of:
The urine will never appear lime green. The urea and kidney filtration will allow for it to become more clear and yellow. Unless the drink goes straight to the bladder, this can't happen.
