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Answer:
each chromosome is composed of one coiled DNA double helix molecule, which is called a chromatid. At the end of this stage, each chromosome has two identical DNA double helix molecules, and therefore is composed of two sister chromatids
Answer:
The intracellular molecule produced by the receptor ligand complex is called Second messenger.
Explanation:
Receptors are membrane bound proteins which bind to the ligands which are also called first messengers and cause cellular changes. These intracellular changes are mediated by second messengers such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, transcription, contractions etc. They are specific for specific first messengers such as homones and growth factors. They relay the signals between the ligands to their target molecules in the cytosol or nucleus. Most common second messengers are cAMP, cGMP, DAG, IP3.
Signal amplification by second messenger can be explained by the example of IP3 which cayses the release of Calcium ions from the intracellular stores and cause contractions.
Answer:
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When the lysosomes of a cell rapidly digest the cell itself, this process is known as autolysis. This self digestion process helps in the decomposition of the dead cells. The cell is dismantled by its own lysosomes, which digests the remains of the dead cell. It is an essential process in the life cycle of a cell. This self digestion of the cells is extremely important for the new cells to grow.
Hence, the correct answer is 'autolysis'.