Answer:
anything contrary to the information provided below
Explanation:
Proteins determine the shape and structure of cells and the direction of almost all vital processes. Protein functions are specific to each of them and allow cells to maintain their integrity, defense of external agents, damage repair, control and regular functions, etc. selective binding to molecules. Structural proteins agree with other molecules of the same protein to cause a larger structure. However, other proteins bind to different molecules: antibodies to specific antigens, hemoglobin to oxygen, enzymes to their substrates, regulators of genetic expression to DNA, hormones to their specific receptors, etc.
Answer:
Since high ethanol is a major stress during ethanol fermentation, ethanol-tolerant yeast strains are highly desirable for ethanol production on an industrial scale. A technology called global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), which exploits a mutant SPT15 library that encodes the TATA-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alper et al., 2006; Science 314: 1565-1568), appears to be a powerful tool. to create ethanol tolerant strains. However, the ability of the strains created to tolerate high ethanol content in rich media remains to be demonstrated. In this study, a similar strategy was used to obtain five strains with higher ethanol tolerance (ETS1-5) of S. cerevisiae. When comparing the global transcriptional profiles of two selected strains ETS2 and ETS3 with that of the control, 42 genes that were commonly regulated with a double change were identified. Of the 34 deletion mutants available in an inactivated gene library, 18 were sensitive to ethanol, suggesting that these genes were closely associated with tolerance to ethanol.
Explanation:
Eight of them were novel and most were functionally unknown. To establish a basis for future industrial applications, the iETS2 and iETS3 strains were created by integrating the SPT15 mutant alleles of ETS2 and ETS3 into the chromosomes, which also exhibited increased tolerance to ethanol and survival after ethanol shock in a rich medium. Fermentation with 20% glucose for 24 h in a bioreactor revealed that iETS2 and iETS3 grew better and produced approximately 25% more ethanol than a control strain. The performance and productivity of ethanol also improved substantially: 0.31 g / g and 2.6 g / L / h, respectively, for the control and 0.39 g / g and 3.2 g / L / h, respectively, for iETS2 and iETS3.
Therefore, our study demonstrates the utility of gTME in generating strains with increased tolerance to ethanol that resulted in increased ethanol production. Strains with increased tolerance to other stresses such as heat, fermentation inhibitors, osmotic pressure, etc., can be further created using gTME.
Answer:
The correct answer is - d) all choices are correct.
Explanation:
Cattles remember the behaviour of human how they have treated them in the experiment and they also become less fearful of their handlers due to their gentle treatment.
Cattles develop memory and have a bond with their handlers and remember them and recognize them very well. In this experiment, it is found that animals also create an emotional bond with the human treat them well and gentle.
