When something needs to be transported against its concentration gradient, or a molecule is too big to simply diffuse through a membrane, active transport has to be used. So active transport requires energy (ATP).
Examples:
1. Antiport pumps: transport one substance in one direction while transporting another substance the other way. An example of this is the sodium-potassium pump.
2. Symport pumps - uses a substance that wants to move from an area of high concentration to low concentration and carries another substance against its concentration gradient. An example of this is the sodium-glucose transport protein
3. Endocytosis - large amounts of extra cellular fluid can be taken into a cell - needs ATP to bind proteins in the cell membrane and causes them to change their shape...which eventually causes the surrounding of the fluid to be brought in (a vesicle).
4.exocytosis - opposite of above
An endothermic reactions involves absorption in which energy is on the reactant side of the question or the left side. Exothermic involves the release of energy in which energy is on the product side of the equation.
The
intensity range would be 60-80%.
A high
resting heart rate is indicative of an inefficient heart or possible arrhythmia.
Physical activity assessments should begin after the client has been screened
and resting measurements have been assessed. Moderate intensity exercise uses energy 3 - 6
times that of resting metabolism, which equates to 3 -6 METs.
Answer:
Capsule
Explanation:
In many bacterial species, an extracellular layer composed of a polysaccharide especially a monosaccharide is produced around the cell wall of the bacteria. This extracellular layer is known as the slime layer or the capsule.
The capsule in bacteria serves many purposes like it protects the bacteria from the destruction by the white blood cell in the host, it enables the bacteria to adhere to the substrates and protect it.
In the plant group called the bryophytes also a capsule structure is present which grows in the sporophytic phase and encloses the spores, therefore, the capsule is considered the sporangium of the bryophytes.
Thus, the capsule is correct.
