Remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake
Decreases or goes to zero: Rate of ATP synthesis, size of the proton gradient
<span>(Gramicidin causes membranes to become very leaky to protons, so that a proton gradient cannot be maintained and ATP synthesis stops. However, the leakiness of the membrane has no effect on the ability of electron transport to pump protons. Thus, the rates of proton pumping, electron transport, and oxygen uptake remain unchanged.)</span>
Answer:
The leaves no longer have water, which means that there is little osmotic pressure which keeps it turgid.
Explanation:
The stem still contains water because of the capillary action that occurs. However, since there is no strong attraction, the water cannot be pulled to the leaves.
Explanation:
Variations in the sun's energy reaching Earth
Changes in the reflectivity of Earth’s atmosphere and surface
Changes in the greenhouse effect, which affects the amount of heat retained by Earth’s atmosphere