Explanation:
In 1651, Thomas Hobbes famously wrote that life in the state of nature – that is, our natural condition outside the authority of a political state – is ‘solitary, poore, nasty brutish, and short.’ Just over a century later, Jean-Jacques Rousseau countered that human nature is essentially good, and that we could have lived peaceful and happy lives well before the development of anything like the modern state. At first glance, then, Hobbes and Rousseau represent opposing poles in answer to one of the age-old questions of human nature: are we naturally good or evil? In fact, their actual positions are both more complicated and interesting than this stark dichotomy suggests. But why, if at all, should we even think about human nature in these terms, and what can returning to this philosophical debate tell us about how to evaluate the political world we inhabit today?
The question of whether humans are inherently good or evil might seem like a throwback to theological controversies about Original Sin, perhaps one that serious philosophers should leave aside. After all, humans are complex creatures capable of both good and evil. To come down unequivocally on one side of this debate might seem rather naïve, the mark of someone who has failed to grasp the messy reality of the human condition. Maybe so. But what Hobbes and Rousseau saw very clearly is that our judgements about the societies in which we live are greatly shaped by underlying visions of human nature and the political possibilities that these visions entail.
St. Ignatius of Loyola
The Catholic Reformation, also
called Counter-Reformation and Catholic Revival refocused on coming back to
spiritual foundations, devotional life
and personal relationship with Jesus.
The Jesuits was one of the few
who led the Reformation. The Jesuits was founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola. Their work was key in the opposition
against Martin Luther and John Calvin (Protestant).
The Confederates burned Richmond as President Davis and his cabinet fled to make sure the Union Army could not use Confederate resources.
During the American Civil War, Richmond became the capital of the Confederate States of America.
On April 2, 1865, more than 25% of the buildings in the city were destroyed by fire after the withdrawal of the Confederate soldiers, who burned all the Confederate resources to make them unusable for the Union.
On April 3, 1865, Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army captured Richmond, and the state capital was then transferred to Lynchburg. The Army of North Virginia, commanded by Robert Lee retired and surrendered six days later before Grant in the Appomattox Court House, becoming the symbolic end of the war.
<span>Answer: Toltec Mounds is one of the largest archaeological sites in the Mississippi River valley. The site encompasses about 100 acres and originally included 18 total mounds. We do not know what the Native people called themselves, as they did not have a form of writing. The people seem to have left the area around 1050 A.D. and although we do not know exactly why they built the mounds, they did leave some clues behind.
The mounds were built in a large rectangle shape, known as the ceremonial plaza. Although many of the mounds didn’t survive to our modern time, the ones remaining are quite massive. As we approached the largest mound, Mound A, our guide pointed out that it sits at 49 feet tall. In our times, that may not seem to be much, but they didn’t live in a time with tractors and a backhoe. All the dirt that was relocated was done by hand and possibly a bowl. It would take a great deal of time and effort to form just one mound, let alone 18.
toltec-mounds-state-park-double-mounds</span>
