An externality is defined as the cost or benefit that affects a group when the group did not choose to receive that cost or benefit. This results in either a position or negative consequence based on what happened to a third party that was not origionally involved.
Someone who wouldn't choose to pay for a certain good or service but who'd get the benefits of it anyway is the best definition given to be the answer to this question.
Answer:
The correct answer would be option C, When the price of a good decreases, sellers produce less of the good.
Explanation:
According to the law of supply, when the price of the product increases, the quantity supplied also increases.
This theory suggests that there is a direct relationship between the price of the product and the quantity supplied of the product. So when the price of a good decreases, sellers produce less of the good.
This is tough to answer in 3-5 sentences, and tends to also be a heavy identifier of your possible political leanings. You'll have to apologize if some of mine leak out in the response, but this is a question we debate hotly more frequently than every 4 years.
In general, international trade can help increase the GDP and overall profits for US-based corporations. However, if all we do is export, and we don't import, other countries don't look favorably upon that and may heavily tax our goods to counter this.
I believe we do need to be thoughtful about the amounts and kinds of international trade that we engage in. For example, farming is always a hotly debated issue for international trade, in part because farmers in other countries with a dramatically lower cost of living OR farmers in countries with a favorable currency rate (exchange from their currency to our dollars gives them an advantage) can undercut our farmers here in the US, many of whom are already struggling.
There are also those who are worried that when we import produce from countries that have not outlawed pesticides we know are carcinogenic, for instance, this creates not only a disadvantage for US farmers, but also for consumers who may be concerned about health issues.
As another example of this, many countries outlawed import of US beef during the Mad Cow Epidemic. We in turn also placed bans on importing beef from the UK.
These are examples of why it's important to be thoughtful about trade, but there are certainly many others, including decline in production jobs within the US that have left cities like Detroit a ghost town (this was formerly the hub of our automotive industry production).
Answer: Banks transfer money from savers to borrowers by holding deposits and lending excess reserves. Banks also create money by making loans of excess reserves.
Explanation: Those are two primary functions.
Answer:
If an existing asset is sold at a gain, and the gain is taxable, then the after-tax proceeds from this transaction would be equal to:
Net proceeds from the sale less the taxes paid on the gain.
Explanation:
An illustration is given below. Company A received $70,000 from the sale of an Office Equipment with a tax basis of $40,000. The capital gains tax rate is 20%. How much would be the after-tax proceeds? The net proceeds minus the tax basis would result in the capital gains of $30,000. Then, the capital gains tax equals $6,000 ($30,000 * 20%). Therefore, the after-tax proceeds would be $70,000 minus $6,000, which is equal to $64,000.
