"<span>a. a common identity and a formal structure of authority" is the best option, since nationalism was mostly about national pride--meaning that one was tied to their countrymen through a common bond.</span>
This was the amendment that abolished slavery. I hope I was able to help. :)
Marbury v. Madison, (1803) is often cited as the case that affirmed the Supreme Court's<span> right of judicial review. Marbury is the first case in which the US </span>Supreme<span>Court declared an act of Congress unconstitutional (Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789).</span>
The French Revolution of 1830<span>, also known as the </span>July Revolution<span>, </span>Second French Revolution<span> or </span>Trois Glorieuses<span> in French, saw the overthrow of King </span>Charles X<span>, the French </span>Bourbon<span> monarch, and the ascent of his cousin </span>Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans<span>, who himself, after 18 precarious years on the throne, would in turn be overthrown in 1848.</span>