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AZT works by selectively inhibiting HIV's reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that the virus uses to make a DNA copy of its RNA. Reverse transcription is necessary for production of HIV's double-stranded DNA, which would be subsequently integrated into the genetic material of the infected cell to produce its proteins. All reverse transcriptase inhibitors are analogues of the naturally occurring deoxynucleotides needed to synthesize the viral DNA and they compete with the natural deoxynucleotides for incorporation into the growing viral DNA chain.
They are called a population, because they are the same species living in a given area. The word population means the amount of a certain species living in a certain environment.
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The two most common hypotheses that theorise the formation of life-supporting molecules on earth would be the Miller-Urey experiment and the meteorite phenomenon. In the meteorite theory, it is said that life on earth began when meteorites containing life-supporting molecules bombarded the planet that eventually caused lifeforms to grow.
