The energy needed by a system to initiate a process is called as the activation energy. It describes the minimum energy which must be available to a chemical system with potential reactants to result in a chemical reaction. Hope this answers the question.
so, an example of something that might not be a substrate is the animal itself.
explanation
substrate is the surface of where living animals, live.
sorry if this doesnt help.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The rate of pollination in the field (near the pond with no fish) will decrease exponentially. Because, as the fish population is removed from that ecosystem, the population of dragonflies and larva increases without check because, fish feeds on the dragonflies larva and kept there population in check. Due to this, the population of bees and other pollinators population decline becuase, they are major food source of dragonflies.
Honeybees are the keystone species because it's absence will lead to major changes in the ecosystem.
