C) The Vedic calendar
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Article I – The Legislative Branch. The principal mission of the legislative body is to make laws. It is split into two different chambers – the House of Representatives and the Senate. Congress is a legislative body that holds the power to draft and pass legislation, borrow money for the nation, declare war and raise a military. It also has the power to check and balance the other two federal branches.
Article II – The Executive Branch. This branch of the government manages the day-to-day operations of government through various federal departments and agencies, such as the Department of Treasury. At the head of this branch is the nationally elected President of the United States. The president swears an oath to ‘faithfully execute’ the responsibilities as president and to ‘preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States’. Its powers include making treaties with other nations, appointing federal judges, department heads and Ambassadors, and determining how to best run the country and run military operations.
Article III – The Judicial Branch. Article III outlines the powers of the federal court system. Determines that the court of last resort is the US Supreme Court and that the US Congress has the power to determine the size and scope of those courts below it. All judges are appointed for life unless they resign due to bad behaviour. Those facing charges are to be tried and judged by a jury of their peers.
Article IV – The States. This article defines the relationship between the states and the federal government. The federal government guarantees a republican form of government in each state, protects the nation and the people from foreign or domestic violence, and determines how new states can join the Union. It also suggests that all the states are equal to each other and should respect each other’s laws and the judicial decisions made by other state court systems.
Article V – Amendment. Future generations can amend the Constitution if the society so requires it. Both the states and Congress have the power to initiate the amendment process.
Article VI – Debts, Supremacy, Oaths. Article VI determines that the US Constitution, and all laws made from it are the ‘supreme Law of the Land’, and all officials, whether members of the state legislatures, Congress, judiciary or the Executive have to swear an oath to the Constitution.
Article VII – Ratification. This article details all those people who signed the Constitution, representing the original 13 states.
Vice President Thomas Jefferson, Democratic-Republican Party, defeated President John Adams of the Federalist Party
According to the research, the correct option is d. Separation of Powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities.
<h3>What is Separation of Powers?</h3>
It refers to the organizational principle of modern States where the system seeks independence between the legislative, executive and judicial powers, seeking balance, harmony and organization of the power of authority.
As a result, each function of the State (legislative, executive and judicial) must necessarily have a different holder and responsibilities, said holder being traditionally called Power, a concept that came to designate the body and the portion of state power that this organism possesses.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is d. Separation of Powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities.
Learn more about Separation of Powers here: brainly.com/question/20630947
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